Bridge of concrete or other analogous material.



PATENTE@ MAY 7, 190:1.

D. B. LUTBN. BRIDGE 0F CONCRETE OR OTHER ANLOGOUS MATERAL.

APPLIOATION HLBD FEB. 1a, mos.

PTENTEB MAY 7, 1907. E. B.. LUTEN. GGGRETE 0R OTHER NALOGOUS MATERIAL.

3BE-EGE @E APPLIGATIOH FILED rms. 13, 1905.

' s SHEETS-SHEET 3.

fr i f the material that woul( As an additional reinforcement and bend between the wings and the abutments or end walls a substantially horizontal rod or rods indicated at 23 in Fig. 3 may be employed, said rod or rods extending through the lower portions et the wings and an intermediate abutment somewhat above the level of the. stream. A still further reinforcement for the wings is shown at 24 as consisting of a tension member preferably in the lorm of a steel tie anchored at one end in the wing preferably near its outer end and anchored in the spandrel wall or in the abutment, whereby the thrust against the w in s created by the filling or embankment is large y taken up by said tension member, thus per n'iitting the use of wings 'of less thickness and etlecting an economy in the amount of material required and. conse( uently in the cost of the structure.

occurs where the rods 24 form integral parts of a continuous tie 22 from the end of one wing through the spandrel walls to the end of the other wing (Fig. 7).

Another. feat ure of my invention is shown at 2st, (Fig. 6), representing a tie rod from spandrel wall to spandrel u all to support the two walls against the thrust oi' the earth tilling. ln cases where no wings are used as with spandrels extended to holdthe earth embankments, or where the spandrelwalls are extended across a pier in, bridges of more than one span, this tie from spandrel wall to spandrel wall accomplisl'ies a great saving of l otherwise be required in the spandrel wal thrust ot" the earth-filling. To prevent rust of these ties ,l sometimes embed them in a layer ol'A cement mortar or concrete 6() -just suiiicient to thorouglily protect them, before covering u ith the earth till, show n in Figs. and l2. Another feature of my invention relates to the use of tie rods to su )port spandrel or wing walls where the ro( s are to be buried in an earth till. ln such a case l einbed the rod such as 24 in a layer or beam ol' concrete o() such that settlement oi the earth lill ill cause a sag in the embedded rod thus causing it'to become taut to resist, the pressure against the wall, as shown in Fig. 'l`o accomplish this purpose Iirst. place the'tie in position u ithout any covering and anchored at its ends so as to support the wall, then build the earth lill up to the level ol the rod, and exeavate a trench lengthwise of the rod in tb earth till. l', then lill this trench with concrete covering (it), embedding the rod therein as shown in Fig. l2.` 'l`he lill is then completed and settlement o|" the earth above the rod presses the surrounding concrete downward .inducing a sag in the rod and concre .e tending to lengthen the rod and hohl it taut and in tension between its anchorages (Fig. o).

Figs. 5 and (i illustrate a modilication in at its other end A modi ication of this devicels to resist the l i l lAnother the form or contour of the wings, wherein said wings desienated by 17a, are formed with surfaces rounding or convex toward, the stream, said wings being also provided with the saine reinforcing members already described.

Heretolore, so far as I am aware, in the construction of bridges of this type the wings v have been built up to meet the ends of the spandrel walls at the endof the bridge span. 'feature oi my improved brldge which is shown in both the forms illustrated in Figs. 1 to 3 and Figs. 5 and 6 consists in extending the spandrels, as shown at 18, rimarily for the purpose of a guard railing or the roadway; such a construction permitting a saving of material through the use of wings Ioi decreased height, since in such a construction the earth embankment slopes from the end of the Spandrel down to the top of the wing on each side at areduced angle. As is well known, a wing being a retaining wall requires great mass for any considerable height; and by decreasing this height in the' manner described through 'the extension of the spandrel walls, enough is saved in the wings to build the extended spandrels, `and theiroadway has the added protection of the latter.. These extended spandrels may be supported by ex tending the wall down te the y same foundation bed as the abutment, or they may be supported on the abutment itself as shown at 18" in Figs. 5 and 1l, in which case the weight of the extended spandrel acts a cantaliver relieving the arch of part oi" its horizontal thrust against the abutment. lt will also be observed in Fig. (i that the ends ofthe extended spandrels are eurvedoutwardly away from the roadway, such a f'orm all'ording an easier entrance to the span, and presenting a more 'graceful appearance. A curved spandrel is, however,'niore dilicult and expensive to construct than a straight spandrel; and consequently, where the cost does not permit a curvature olboththe spandrel and the superposed railing the spandrel walls may be continued rearwardly in a straight 'parallel torni, the railings being outwardly curved thereon, as shown at 1W? in l" ig. 7.

A concrete looting at each end ot the span, is indicated at Il() in Figs. l() and lt, said footing having its upper surface inclined upward away from the span, as shown, to take the thrust ol`- the arch. ln the prehrrred form the upper surlace oi' said f'ootings, which constitute the foundations or feet of the abut/ments, is serrated as shown at 30" in Fig. l() or stepped as shown at 3U" in Fig. l to more ell'ectually resistl the outward thrust of' the span transmitted through the abutmentwalls and prevent slipping ol' the latter 'on said feotings.

The terni rod in the claims is used ina generic sense and is intended to include all IIC - finingl earth suitable material suitable material having wings, and a tierod connecting said wings around the end of the body.

28. A bridge or Varch of concrete orother suitable material having Wings with tie-rods embedded in concrete joining the ends of the wings to the body of the arch.

29. A bridge Ior arch of concrete or other suitable material having wings and a rod or rods embedded in concrete joining the ends of said v\ ings.'

3l). A bridge or arch of concrete or other Asuitable material having wings with their outer ends joined by rods passing through the earth embankment. r31. A bridge or arch of concrete or other suitable material having spandrel walls with a tie-rod extending from one wall to the other said tie rod being embedded in concrete 32. A bridge or arch of concrete or other suitable material having spandrel walls coniilling and tie-rods exteiiding through the filling between said walls, and anchored at their ends in the walls;

33. Abridge or arch of concrete or other with spandrel walls, ltierods joining the walls and embedded in a con- 'crete beam coveredby the earth filling.

34. A bridge or arch ol concrete or other suitable material having a wing below the level of the roadway and a light spandrel projection surmounted by a guard rail ex-y tcnding/ into an earth filling back of the Wings.

35. A bridge or arch of concrete or other suitable material with low wings and spandrel walls extended back of the wings.

36. A bridge or arch of concrete or other suitable material with spandrel walls extended back ofthe wings, and wings of height suflicient to hold the earth lill that escapes the ends of the spandrels.

37. A bridge or arch of concrete or other suitable materialywith spandrel walls eX- tended back of the wings, and curved wings 'at Athe foot of the' slope ol earth lill escaping from the ends of the spandrels. 'f 38. A-bridge having a wing o similar material backed by earth filling with tension members embedded in the. wing transverse to the vearth pressure inducing tension i two witnesses.'

therein.

39. A bridge having a wing 'sup orted near its ends against the pressure o` earth backing and a tension member embedded near its exposed face and oblique to its base.

f concrete or l embankment and embedded in 40. A bridge having a wing with a tension member embedded extending in a direction from upper end toward diagonally -opposite lower end.

41. A bridge having a Wing with embedded diagonai tension members bonding the Wing `to the bridge.

42. A bridge having a wing of concrete or similar material, with tension members embedded in a. direction oblique to its base. .A

43. A bridge having a wing'of concreteor `similar material, with tensionmenibers ermk bedded near one face and in a` direction oblique toits base.

44. A bridge or arch of concrete or similar material having a footing upwardly inclined away from the span.

45. A bridge or arch of concrete or similar material having a footing provided with a roughened upper surfaceupwardly inclined aw a'y from Ithe span.

46. A bridge or arch of concrete or similar i i l upper surface upwardly stepped in a direction away from the span.

47. A bridge or arch of concrete or similar material having footings upwardly inclined away from the ends of the span and a pavement extending between and a-t its ends stepped on said footings.

48. A bridge or arch ofconcrete or other suitable material, having a tie joining span-` drel to spandrel, and spandrel to end of wings', and passing through the earth embankment.

. 49. A bridge having a wing of concrete or similar material. backed by earth filling, wi th reinforcing members embedded near the exposed face of the wing and oblique to its 50. A bridge having a wall of concrete or similar material, backed by earth filling with reinforcing members embedded in the Wall in a direction substantially parallel to the slope of earth backing.

i 5l. A bridge or arch of concrete having a l wing with an anchor rod extending from` ing into the earth concrete. Signed by me at indianapolis county of Marion State of Indiana inthe presence`of y near the outer end of the w .DANEL n. LUTEN..

f "'Witnesses: Jamas A. WALsn, Ru'rn WonrmN-e'roN.

material having a footing provided with an. Y

reg 

